Tonsillitis in children

Tonsillitis is a condition where tonsils are congested or swollen, usually after an episode of upper respiratory infections( bacterial or viral) 

Tonsils are composed of lymphoid tissue, which provides both cell mediated and humoral immunity. They produce antibodies, on exposure to a pathogen or allergens. 

Tonsillitis can be acute, chronic or recurrent. Acute, presenting as sudden onset with sore throat, fever and painful swallowing. Tonsils will be enlarged and red in colour. 

Viral tonsillitis  resolve  with analgesics and hydration. Bacterial tonsillitis if not improving within  2 to 3 days, antibiotics has to be started, along with supportive care. 

Sometimes complications like  abscess (pus) may form  and spread to other adjacent areas. This is a serious  condition, pus has to be drained and antibiotics and analgesics to be given. 

Indication for tonsillectomy are recurrent sore throat which prevent normal function, previous history of tonsillar abscess, in obstructive sleep apnea  or ear problems . 

Tonsillitis can be managed medically with supportive care, only certain cases need surgery